International Journal of Novel Research in Civil Structural and Earth Sciences (IJNRCSES)
ISSN 2394-7357
Vol. 9, Issue 2, Page No: 1-7
Website: www.noveltyjournals.com
Published Date: 13-May-2022
Authors:
Ephraim Haruna Maude, Aliyuda Yohanna Adamu, Mbimda Ali Mbishida, Timothy Danjuma
Abstract:
The investigation of soil properties is vital in determining causes of building collapse in Nigeria today, but most times the geotechnical tests and analysis are neglected and site engineers are held responsible for the collapse. This paper seeks to investigate the soil properties of a collapse building site in order to emphasize the need for a geo-technical investigation as a vital tool in the built environment. Investigation of soil properties which includes sieve analysis, moisture content, specific gravity, Atterberg limits and shear strength were conducted on samples collected from the site. Two foundation bases were exposed (Base and Trial pits). Disturbed and undisturbed samples labeled Sample 1/1, Sample 2/1 and Sample 2/2 and recorded as Base 1, Trial pit 3 and Trial pit respectively were collected at the foundation depths of the exposed foundations by driving the sampler at various depths of 0.8m, 0.8m and 0.5m and tested. The soil’s silty nature and low bearing capacity of 36.37KN/m2 as the investigation revealed was a major cause of the collapse and that the building collapse site was a made-up ground. There was no geo-technical investigation prior to the building construction. Other causes such as the used of sub-standard materials, poor construction quality, quackery and supervision boils down to the lack of soil investigation which has caused the building foundation to fail and has resulted to the collapse of the building.
Keywords: Building Collapse, Foundation, Atterberg Limit, Bearing Capacity.
REFERENCES
[1] N. Jackson and R. K. Dhir, Civil Engineering Materials. London: Macmillan Publishers, 167-246, 1988.
[2] S. M. Frederick and T. R. Jonathan, Building Design and Construction Hand Book, 6th Edition. United States of
America: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
[3] F. C. Omenihu, L. O. Onundi and M. A. Alkali, An Analysis of Building Collapse in Nigeria (1971-2016): Challenges for Stakeholders. University of Maiduguri: Annals of Borno, 2016.
[4] A. N. Ede, Building Collapse in Nigeria: The Trend of Casualties in the Last Decade (2000-2010). International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering (IJCEE-IJENS), Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 32-41, 2010.
[5] A. Maryoto, H. Ay Lie and N. G. Wariyatno, The Live Load Capacity of Rectangular Precast Reinforced Concrete
Stick. International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 174-180, 2018.
[6] M. A. Mbishida, Y. Isheni, T. Danjuma, Assessment of Building Failures in Nigeria: A Case Study of Jos Metropolis. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 1 – 9, 2017.
[7] M. D. Braja, S. Khaled, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. PDFDrive [Online]. Available at: https://www.
pdfdrive.com/principles-of-geotechnical-engineering-8th-si-edition-e166034247.html (Accessed: 8th March 2022)
[8] T. Danjuma, M. A. Mbishida E. M. Haruna, B. Y. Mailafiya, Soil Investigation of a Collapsed building Site in Jos, Nigeria. SSRG International Journal of Recent Engineering Science, IJRES, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 1-5, /doi:10.14445/23497157/IJRES-V8I5P101, 2021.
[9] American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) C805/ 805M, Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete. ASTM Standards, USA, 2013.
[10] American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTMD) 422, Standards Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soil. ASTM Standard, USA, 2013.
[11] American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTMD) 43180, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of soil. ASTM Standard, USA, 2010.
[12] British Standard Institution (BS) 1377, Methods of Testing for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes. British Standard Institution, London, England, 1990.
[13] NBRRI Technical report No.36: Collapse of Building in Nigeria (Technical Report on the collapse proposed Building complex for Nigerian Medical Association at Gura-Zot B Kwang, Jos South Plateau State, October 2018.
[14] Nigerian Building Code, Federal Republic of Nigeria Manual Building Code. 1st edition, Nigeria, 2006.
0 Comments